Effect of home-based cardiac rehabilitation for patients with heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis / Rehabilitación para pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca: una revisión sistemática y metanálisis

SUMMARY: This study is to investigate the effect of home-based cardiac rehabilitation (HBCR) on quality of life, functional capacity, and readmission rates in patients with heart failure. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were screened from Cochrane Library, CINAHL, EMBASE, and MEDLINE. The intervention group received a standardized HBCR or a comprehensive rehabilitation strategy that included HBCR. The participants in the control group received CR at a medical center or usual care without CR intervention. The main outcome measurements included quality of life, exercise capacity, mortality and re-hospitalization. This meta-analysis included 20 RCTs, in which 16 studies compared HBCR with usual care, and 4 studies compared HBCR with center-based CR. In comparison with the usual care, HBCR improved the total quality of life score [MD=-5.85, 95 % CI (-9.76, - 1.94), P=0.003, I2=75 %]. Patients with HBCR and usual care were significantly different in VO2max [MD=1.05 mL/kg/min, 95 % CI (0.35, 1.75), P=0.003, I2=46 %]. However, VO2max of patients with HBCR was not significantly different from those with center-based CR [MD=0.08 mL/kg/min, 95 % CI (-1.29, 1.44), P=0.91, I2=0 %]. There was statistically significant difference in the 6-min Walk Distance between usual care and HBCR (for distance [MD=11.84, 95 % CI (7.41, 16.28), P<0.00001, I2=0 %]; and for feet [MD=98.93, 95 % CI (26.79, 171.08), P=0.007, I2=56 %]). However, there was no significant difference in 6-min Walk Distance between patients with HBCR and center-based CR [MD=12.45, 95 % CI (-9.81, 34.72), P=0.27, I2=0 %] , or in anxiety and depression between patients with usual care and HBCR (for anxiety, [MD=-0.25, 95 % CI (-0.56, 0.05), P=0.11, I2=0 %]; for depression, [MD=-0.18, 95 % CI (-0.51, 0.16), P=0.30, I2=0 %] . No significant difference was found in death number [RR=1.04, 95 % CI (0.55, 1.98), P=0.90, I2=0 %] or in the number of re-hospitalization [RR=0.88, 95 % CI (0.66, 1.18), P=0.40, I2=0 %] between usual care and HBCR. For patients with heart failure, compare with usual care and center-based CR, HBCR can improve the total quality of life. Compare with usual care, HBCR can improve VO2max and 6-min Walk Distance, but compare with center- based CR, there are no differences in mortality, re-hospitalization rate or incidence of anxiety and depression. Additionally, center- based CR and HBCR showed similar outcomes and medical costs.

El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar el efecto de la rehabilitación cardíaca domiciliaria (HBCR) sobre la calidad de vida, la capacidad funcional y las tasas de reingreso en pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca. Se seleccionaron ensayos controlados aleatorios (ECA) de la Biblioteca Cochrane, CINAHL, EMBASE y MEDLINE. El grupo de intervención recibió un HBCR estandarizado o una estrategia de rehabilitación integral que incluía HBCR. Los participantes del grupo de control recibieron RC en un centro médico o atención habitual sin intervención de RC. Las principales medidas de resultado incluyeron la calidad de vida, la capacidad de ejercicio, la mortalidad y la rehospitalización. Este metanálisis incluyó 20 ECA, en los que 16 estudios compararon HBCR con la atención habitual y 4 estudios compararon que mejoró la puntuación total de calidad de vida [DM=-5,85, IC del 95 % (-9,76, -1,94), P=0,003, I2=75 %]. Los pacientes con HBCR y atención habitual fueron significativamente diferentes en el VO2máx [DM = 1,05 ml/kg/ min, IC del 95 % (0,35, 1,75), P = 0,003, I2 = 46 %]. Sin embargo, el VO2max de los pacientes con HBCR no fue significativamente diferente de aquellos con CR basada en el centro [DM = 0,08 ml/kg/min, IC del 95 % (-1,29, 1,44), P = 0,91, I2 = 0 %]. Hubo una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en la distancia de caminata de 6 minutos entre la atención habitual y HBCR (para la distancia [DM=11,84, IC del 95 % (7,41, 16,28), P<0,00001, I2=0 %]; y para los pies [DM= 98,93, IC 95 % (26,79, 171,08), P=0,007, I2=56 %]). Sin embargo, no hubo una diferencia significativa en la distancia de caminata de 6 minutos entre los pacientes con HBCR y CR basada en el cen- tro [DM = 12,45, IC del 95 % (-9,81, 34,72), P = 0,27, I2 = 0 %], o en la ansiedad y depresión entre pacientes con atención habitual y HBCR (para ansiedad, [DM=-0,25, IC del 95 % (-0,56, 0,05), P=0,11, I2=0 %]; para depresión, [DM=-0,18, 95 % IC (- 0,51, 0,16), P=0,30, I2=0 %] No se encontraron diferencias significativas en el número de muertes [RR=1,04, IC del 95 % (0,55, 1,98), P=0,90, I2=0 %] o en el número de reingresos [RR=0,88, IC 95 % (0,66, 1,18), P=0,40, I2=0 %] entre atención habitual y HBCR. Para los pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca, en comparación con la atención habitual y la CR en un centro, la HBCR puede mejorar la calidad de vida total. En comparación con la atención habitual, la HBCR puede mejorar el VO2máx y la distancia recorrida en 6 minutos, pero en comparación con la CR basada en un centro, no hay diferencias en la mortalidad, la tasa de rehospitalización o la incidencia de ansiedad y depresión. Además, CR y HBCR basados en el centro mostraron resultados y costos médicos similares.

Therapeutic Efficacy of Shexiang Baoxin Pill Combined with Exercise in Patients with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Single-Center, Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of Shexiang Baoxin Pill combined with exercise in heart failure patients with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).@*METHODS@#Sixty patients with HFpEF were randomly divided into group A (n=20), receiving Shexiang Baoxin Pill combined with home-based exercise training based on conventional drugs for 12 weeks; group B (n=20), receiving conventional drugs combined with home-based exercise training for 12 weeks; and group C (n=20), receiving conventional drug treatment only. Peak oxygen uptake (peakVO2), anaerobic threshold (AT), 6-min walking test (6MWT), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and SF-36 questionnaire (SF-36) results before and after treatment were compared among groups.@*RESULTS@#After the 12-week intervention, patients in group C showed significant declines in peakVO2, AT, 6MWT, PSQI, and SF-36 compared with pre-treatment (P<0.01), while groups A and B both showed significant improvements in peakVO2, AT, 6MWT, PSQI, and SF-36 results compared with pre-treatment (P<0.01). Compared with group C, patients in groups A and B showed significant improvements in peakVO2, AT, 6MWT, PSQI, and SF-36 (P<0.01). In addition, patients in group A showed more significant improvements in physical function, role-physical, vitality, and mental health scores on the SF-36 questionnaire, and PSQI scores than those in group B (P<0.01).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Exercise training improved exercise tolerance, sleep quality and quality of life (QoL) in patients with HFpEF. Notably, Shexiang Baoxin Pill played an active role in sleep quality and QoL of patients with HFpEF. (The trial was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (No. ChiCTR2100054322)).

Efficacy of pelvic floor magnetic and electrical stimulation combined with Kegel exercise training in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence after minimally invasive surgery for benign prostatic hyperplasia / 现代泌尿外科杂志

【Objective】 To explore the clinical efficacy and safety of pelvic floor magnetic and electrical stimulation combined with Kegel exercise training in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) after minimally invasive surgery for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). 【Methods】 A total of 52 patients with SUI after minimally invasive surgery for BPH treated during Jan.2016 and Feb.2022 were randomly divided into test group (n=26) and control group (n=26). The test group received pelvic floor magnetic and electrical stimulation and Kegel exercise training, while the control group received Kegel exercise training only. The treatment lasted for 3 months. The scores of International Consultation on Incontinence Modular Questionnaire Short Form (ICIQ-SF), 1 h pad test, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and Incontinence Quality of Life Questionnaire (I-QoL) were recorded and compared between the two groups before and after treatment. The adverse reactions were observed. 【Results】 The scores of ICIQ-SF, IPSS and I-QoL and 1 h pad test significantly decreased in both groups after treatment (P0.05), but after treatment, the scores of ICIQ-SF,IPSS,I-QoL and 1 h pad test were significantly lower in the test group than in the control group (P<0.05). No severe adverse reactions were observed. 【Conclusion】 Pelvic floor magnetic stimulation combined with Kegel exercise training is safe and effective for SUI after minimally invasive surgery for BPH.

Influences of compound exercises on jumpingin volleyball / Influências de exercícios compostos sobre o salto no voleibol / Influencia de los ejercicios compuestos en el salto en voleibol

ABSTRACT Introduction: Volleyball requires athletes to have high global sport capacity. Compound exercises require more than one muscle group to complete a given movement. They are ideal for jump development in volleyball because they replicate how the athlete's body moves naturally. However, the attributes relevant to this technique are not fully understood. Objective: Study compound exercise's effects on volleyball players' jumping ability. Methods: The controlled experiment method was used in 30 volunteers equally distributed in two groups, with a duration of 8 weeks. The control group received traditional training. The experimental group received training sessions directed by compound exercises. The sessions were applied twice a week, lasting 80 minutes per session, including 15 minutes of warm-up and 10 minutes of cool-down. The indicators were collected individually before and after the experiment, and the data were analyzed and statistically confronted. Results: The experimental group showed better results on standing vertical jump height, touch height, and blocking height after the compound exercise. Conclusion: The proposed compound exercise can improve players' physical quality, impacting their professional quality, to ensure sporting interest. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: O voleibol exige que os atletas tenham alta capacidade esportiva global. Os exercícios compostos requerem mais de um grupo muscular trabalhando em conjunto para completar um determinado movimento, sendo ideal para o desenvolvimento de salto no esporte do voleibol por replicar a maneira como o corpo do atleta move-se naturalmente. Porém, os atributos relevantes para essa técnica não estão totalmente esclarecidos. Objetivo: Estudar os efeitos do exercício composto na capacidade de salto dos jogadores de voleibol. Métodos: Utilizou-se o método de experimento controlado em 30 voluntários igualmente distribuídos em dois grupos, com duração de 8 semanas. O grupo controle recebeu o treinamento tradicional. Treinamentos direcionados foram direcionados por exercícios compostos ao grupo experimental. A sessões foram aplicadas duas vezes por semana, com duração de 80 minutos por sessão, incluindo 15 minutos de aquecimento e 10 minutos resfriamento. Os indicadores forem coletados individualmente antes e depois do experimento, os dados foram analisados e confrontados estatisticamente. Resultados: O grupo experimental apresentou melhores resultados sobre a altura do salto vertical em pé, altura de toque e altura de bloqueio após o exercício composto. Conclusão: O exercício composto proposto pode melhorar a qualidade física dos jogadores, impactando na qualidade profissional, com a premissa de garantir o interesse esportivo. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: El voleibol exige que los atletas tengan una alta capacidad deportiva global. Los ejercicios compuestos requieren más de un grupo muscular trabajando en conjunto para completar un movimiento determinado, siendo ideal para el desarrollo del salto en el deporte del voleibol por replicar la forma en que el cuerpo del atleta se mueve naturalmente. Sin embargo, los atributos relevantes para esta técnica no se conocen del todo. Objetivo: Estudiar los efectos del ejercicio compuesto sobre la capacidad de salto de los jugadores de voleibol. Métodos: Se utilizó el método de experimento controlado en 30 voluntarios distribuidos equitativamente en dos grupos, con una duración de 8 semanas. El grupo de control recibió formación tradicional. El grupo experimental recibió sesiones de entrenamiento dirigidas por ejercicios compuestos. Las sesiones se aplicaron dos veces por semana, con una duración de 80 minutos por sesión, incluidos 15 minutos de calentamiento y 10 minutos de enfriamiento. Los indicadores se recogieron individualmente antes y después del experimento, se analizaron los datos y se confrontaron estadísticamente. Resultados: El grupo experimental mostró mejores resultados en la altura de salto vertical de pie, la altura de toque y la altura de bloqueo tras el ejercicio compuesto. Conclusión: El ejercicio compuesto propuesto puede mejorar la calidad física de los jugadores, repercutiendo en la calidad profesional, con la premisa de garantizar el interés deportivo. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

The effects of stretching on training cyclists / Os efeitos do alongamento no treinamento de ciclistas / Los efectos de los estiramientos en el entrenamiento de ciclistas

ABSTRACT Introduction Scientific and rational post-competition training can help athletes mobilize their competitive state. Stretching is an integral part of the physical recovery program after a cycling event, increasing muscle extensibility, decreasing muscle soreness, and the likelihood of injury. Objective This study aims to analyze the effect of stretching training on cyclists. Methods This paper selects 20 cyclists who perform stretching training after the competition. The athletes' fatigue recovery after stretching training and the probability of sports injuries after stretching exercise are statistically analyzed. Results The athletes demonstrated poor physical flexibility before stretching. In the forward bending test, the athletes demonstrated scores of 15.31 and 17.89, respectively. After stretching training, the athletes improved to 23.68 and 25.36 in the seated forward flexion test. The data collected were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Stretching exercises can effectively improve the competitive ability of cyclists. It is recommended that athletes devote about 10 to 15 minutes of relaxation and stretching exercises after cycling. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução O treinamento científico e racional pós-competição pode ajudar o atleta a mobilizar seu estado competitivo. O alongamento é parte integrante do programa de recuperação física após um evento de ciclismo aumentando a extensibilidade muscular, diminuindo a dor muscular e a probabilidade de lesões. Objetivo O presente estudo visa analisar o efeito do treinamento de alongamento sobre os ciclistas. Métodos Este trabalho seleciona 20 ciclistas que realizam o treinamento de alongamento após a competição. A análise da recuperação da fadiga dos atletas após o treinamento de alongamento e a probabilidade de lesões esportivas após o exercício de alongamento são analisados estatisticamente. Resultados Os atletas demonstraram pouca flexibilidade física antes do alongamento. No teste de flexão para frente, os atletas demonstraram resultados de 15,31 e 17,89, respectivamente. Os atletas melhoraram para 23,68 e 25,36 no teste de flexão sentado para frente após o treinamento de alongamento. Os dados coletados foram estatisticamente significativos (P<0,05). Conclusão Os exercícios de alongamento podem efetivamente melhorar a habilidade competitiva dos ciclistas. Recomenda-se aos atletas dedicarem cerca de 10 a 15 minutos de exercícios de relaxamento e alongamento após o ciclismo. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción El entrenamiento científico y racional después de la competición puede ayudar al deportista a movilizar su estado competitivo. Los estiramientos son una parte integral del programa de recuperación física después de una prueba de ciclismo, lo que aumenta la extensibilidad de los músculos y disminuye el dolor muscular y la probabilidad de lesiones. Objetivo El presente estudio pretende analizar el efecto del entrenamiento de estiramientos en ciclistas. Métodos Este trabajo selecciona a 20 ciclistas que realizan un entrenamiento de estiramiento después de la competición. Se analizan estadísticamente la recuperación de la fatiga de los atletas después del entrenamiento de estiramiento y la probabilidad de lesiones deportivas después del ejercicio de estiramiento. Resultados Los atletas mostraron poca flexibilidad física antes de los estiramientos. En la prueba de flexión hacia delante, los atletas demostraron resultados de 15,31 y 17,89, respectivamente. Los atletas mejoraron a 23,68 y 25,36 en la prueba de flexión hacia delante sentados después del entrenamiento de estiramiento. Los datos recogidos fueron estadísticamente significativos (P<0,05). Conclusión Los ejercicios de estiramiento pueden mejorar eficazmente la capacidad competitiva de los ciclistas. Se recomienda que los deportistas dediquen entre 10 y 15 minutos a ejercicios de relajación y estiramiento después del ciclismo. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Combined effect of physical exercise and hormone replacement therapy on cardiovascular and metabolic health in postmenopausal women: A systematic review and meta-analysis

The cardioprotective effect of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has been demonstrated in several studies. Similarly, physical exercise has yielded positive results. However, the effects of their combination remain inconclusive. This review describes the combined effects of physical exercise and hormone therapy on cardiovascular and metabolic health in postmenopausal women. We searched the Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Embase databases and included randomized controlled trials published up to December 2021 on the combined effects of physical exercise and hormone therapy on cardiovascular and metabolic health in postmenopausal women. We identified 148 articles, of which only seven met the inclusion criteria (386 participants; 91 [23%] HRT + exercise; 104 [27%] HRT; 103 [27%] exercise; 88 [23%] placebo). The combined treatment further decreased systolic blood pressure (SBP) compared to the isolated effect of aerobic training (AT) (mean difference [MD]=-1.69; 95% confidence interval [CI]=-2.65 to -0.72, n=73). Nevertheless, it attenuated the decrease in diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (MD=0.78; 95%CI: 0.22-1.35, n=73), and the increase in peak oxygen consumption (VO2 peak) promoted by exercise (AT + HRT=2.8±1.4 vs AT + placebo=5.8±3.4, P=0.02). The combination of AT and oral HRT improved SBP. However, AT alone seemed to have a better effect on physical fitness and DBP in postmenopausal women.

Comprehensive physical and psychological training of modern pentathlon athletes / Treinamento físico e psicológico abrangente de atletas modernos do pentatlo / Entrenamiento físico y psicológico integral de los atletas del pentatlón moderno

ABSTRACT Introduction: The modern pentathlon requires athletes to participate in 5 individual sports (fencing, swimming, equestrian, running, and shooting combined) in one day. All of these belong to different categories, resulting in high demand for physical and mental control by the athlete. The importance of psychological factors in everyday physical activity has increased attention. Objective: This paper explores the role of comprehensive psychological training in modern pentathlon. Methods: Forty-seven modern pentathletes were selected by random sampling method. A questionnaire survey method was used to analyze the volunteers. Interviews on the psychological status of the athletes before the competition were also conducted. Finally, a statistical method was used to determine the participants' interview and questionnaire results. Results: The athletes in all five sports experienced high stress before the competitions. The second highest stress was during preparation, before the games. The incidence of anxiety, indifference, and disproportionate confidence before the competition was lower. Conclusion: The psychological state of modern pentathletes before competition is directly related to their competitive state and level. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: O pentatlo moderno exige que os atletas participem de 5 esportes individuais (esgrima, natação, hipismo, corrida e tiro combinados) em um dia. Todos esses itens são pertencentes a diferentes categorias, resultando numa alta demanda de controle físico e mental pelo atleta. A importância dos fatores psicológicos na atividade física cotidiana tem aumentado a atenção. Objetivo: Este artigo explora o papel da formação psicológica abrangente no pentatlo moderno. Métodos: Foram selecionados 47 pentatletas modernos por método de amostragem aleatória. Utilizou-se um método de pesquisa de questionário para analisar os voluntários. Também foram realizadas entrevistas sobre o estado psicológico dos atletas antes da competição. Por fim, utilizou-se o método estatístico para trabalhar os resultados das entrevistas e questionários sobre os participantes. Resultados: Os atletas dos cinco esportes experimentaram um estresse elevado antes das competições. O segundo maior momento de tensão foi durante a preparação, antes dos jogos. A incidência de ansiedade, indiferença e confiança desproporcional antes da competição é menor. Conclusão: O estado psicológico dos pentatletas modernos antes da competição está diretamente relacionado ao estado competitivo e nível desses atletas. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: El pentatlón moderno requiere que los atletas participen en 5 deportes individuales (esgrima, natación, hípica, carrera y tiro combinados) en un día. Todos estos elementos pertenecen a diferentes categorías, lo que supone una gran exigencia de control físico y mental por parte del atleta. La importancia de los factores psicológicos en la actividad física diaria ha aumentado la atención. Objetivo: Este trabajo explora el papel del entrenamiento psicológico integral en el pentatlón moderno. Métodos: Se seleccionaron 47 pentatletas modernos por el método de muestreo aleatorio. Para analizar a los voluntarios se utilizó un método de encuesta por cuestionario. También se realizaron entrevistas sobre el estado psicológico de los atletas antes de la competición. Por último, se utilizó el método estadístico para elaborar los resultados de las entrevistas y los cuestionarios sobre los participantes. Resultados: Los atletas de los cinco deportes experimentaron un gran estrés antes de las competiciones. El segundo momento de mayor estrés fue durante la preparación, antes de los partidos. La incidencia de la ansiedad, la indiferencia y la confianza desproporcionada antes de la competición es menor. Conclusión: El estado psicológico de los pentatletas modernos antes de la competición está directamente relacionado con el estado y el nivel competitivo de estos atletas. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Serum-hormonal variations in junior basketball players under intensive training / Alterações sérico-hormonais de jogadores junior de basquetebol em treinamento intensivo / Alteraciones sero-hormonales de jugadores de baloncesto junior en entrenamiento intensivo

ABSTRACT Introduction Basketball is a long-duration, high-intensity ball game. High competition and athletic combat require athletes to perform at an excellent technical and tactical level. Therefore, studying physiological indicators related to serum-hormone levels of basketball players is an effective way to implement scientific physical monitoring of athletes. Objective This paper aims to understand the intense training effect on hormone-related physiological indicators in young basketball players. Objective This paper aims to understand the effect of intense training on physiological indicators related to serum-hormonal levels in young basketball players. Methods Serum hormone indices of 11 healthy young players without organic or genetic diseases were compared before, 2, 4, and 24 hours after an intense training protocol. Results Creatine and blood urea levels. After 24 hours, the levels were close to those found pre-workout. Conclusion Basketball training can improve the anaerobic capacity of young players. There is a high correlation between changes in serum hormones in young people and their physical fitness. Evidence Level II; Therapeutic Studies - Investigating the result.

RESUMO Introdução Basquetebol é um jogo de bola de longa duração e de alta intensidade. A competição acirrada e o combate esportivo exigem que os atletas tenham um bom nível técnico e tático. Portanto, estudar os indicadores fisiológicos relacionados ao hormônio sanguíneo dos jogadores de basquetebol é um meio eficaz para implementar o monitoramento físico científico dos atletas. Objetivo Este artigo tem como objetivo entender o efeito do treinamento intenso sobre os indicadores fisiológicos relacionados ao hormônio nos jovens jogadores de basquetebol. Métodos Índices hormonais séricos de 11 jovens jogadores saudáveis sem doenças orgânicas ou genéticas foram comparados antes, 2, 4 e 24 horas após um protocolo de treino intenso. Resultados Os níveis de creatina e ureia sanguínea 2 horas após o exercício e 4 horas após o exercício foram maiores do que os anteriores ao treino. Após 24 horas, os níveis estavam próximos ao encontrado no pré-treino. Conclusão O treinamento de basquetebol pode melhorar a capacidade anaeróbica dos jovens jogadores. Há uma alta correlação entre as mudanças nos hormônios séricos dos jovens e seu condicionamento físico. Nível de evidência II; Estudos Terapêuticos - Investigação de Resultados.

RESUMEN Introducción El baloncesto es un juego de pelota de larga duración y alta intensidad. La feroz competición y el combate deportivo exigen que los atletas tengan un buen nivel técnico y táctico. Por lo tanto, el estudio de los indicadores fisiológicos relacionados con los niveles de hormonas séricas de los jugadores de baloncesto es una forma eficaz de llevar a cabo un seguimiento físico científico de los deportistas. Objetivo Este trabajo pretende conocer el efecto del entrenamiento intenso sobre los indicadores fisiológicos relacionados con el nivel sero-hormonal en jóvenes jugadores de baloncesto. Métodos Se compararon los índices hormonales séricos de 11 jugadores jóvenes sanos sin enfermedades orgánicas o genéticas antes, 2, 4 y 24 horas después de un protocolo de entrenamiento intenso. Resultados Los niveles de creatina y de urea en la sangre 2 horas después del ejercicio y 4 horas después del ejercicio eran más altos que antes del entrenamiento. Después de 24 horas, los niveles se acercaban a los encontrados en el pre-entrenamiento. Conclusión El entrenamiento de baloncesto puede mejorar la capacidad anaeróbica de los jugadores jóvenes. Existe una alta correlación entre los cambios en las hormonas séricas de los jóvenes y su condición física. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - Investigación de resultados.

Mechanisms by which exercise training benefits patients with copd mecanismos pelo qual o treinamento de exercício beneficia pacientes com dpoc running title: exercise training / Mecanismos pelos quais o treinamento de exercício beneficia pacientes com o título dpoc running: treinamento de exercício / Mecanismos por los que el entrenamiento de ejercicio beneficia a los pacientes con epoc mecanismos por los que el entrenamiento de ejercicio beneficia a los pacientes con epoc running title: exercise training

The clinical consequences of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) include fatigue, dyspnea and progressive impairment of exercise capacity. It also produces significant systemic consequences such as nutritional depletion, physical deconditioning, systemic inflammation, and structural and functional changes in the respiratory and locomotor muscles. Regular exercise provides improvements in the health of patients with stable COPD and can relieve the symptoms, increasing the exercise capacity and improving the quality of life, while also reducing hospitalization and, to some extent, the risk of morbidity and mortality. Training with progressive exercises is associated with metabolic and neurohumoral adaptations, heart rate variability, with adaptations in the pulmonary and skeletal muscles, as well as the inflammatory, cardiovascular and respiratory systems. This review will focus on current knowledge of the mechanisms by which physical training can provide beneficial effects in COPD patients. Results: After analyzing the titles, abstracts and content, out of 500 articles found, 489 were excluded, leaving 11 articles. Studies have shown the beneficial effect of aerobic training on COPD. Conclusion: Physical training should be considered a therapeutic option in patients with COPD, regardless of being terrestrial or aquatic, as it can have beneficial effects on the systems.

As consequências clínicas da doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC) são: fadiga, dispnéia e comprometimento progressivo da capacidade do exercício, além disso, também produz consequências sistêmicas significativas como depleção nutricional, descondicionamento físico, inflamação sistêmica, mudanças estruturais e funcionais de músculos respiratórios e locomotores. O treinamento físico regular traz como beneficíos efeitos da melhoria da saúde em pacientes com DPOC estável e pode aliviar os sintomas, melhorar a capacidade de exercício e a qualidade de vida, reduzir a hospitalização e, em certa medida, o risco de morbi-mortalidade. Já o treinamento com exercícios progressivos está associado a adaptações metabólicas, neurohumorais, variabilidade da frequência cardíaca, inflamatórias, dos músculos pulmonares e esqueléticos, cardiovasculares e respiratórias. Esta revisão enfocará o conhecimento atual dos mecanismos pelos quais o treinamento físico pode ter efeitos benéficos em pacientes com DPOC. Resultados: Após análise dos títulos, resumos e conteúdo, dos 500 artigos encontrados, 489 foram excluídos, restando 11 artigos. Estudos têm demonstrado o efeito benéfico do treinamento aeróbico na DPOC. Conclusão: O treinamento físico deve ser considerado uma opção terapêutica em pacientes com DPOC, independente de ser terrestre ou aquático, pois pode ter efeitos benéficos nos sistemas.

Las consecuencias clínicas de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) incluyen fatiga, disnea y deterioro progresivo de la capacidad de ejercicio. También produce importantes consecuencias sistémicas como el agotamiento nutricional, el desacondicionamiento físico, la inflamación sistémica y los cambios estructurales y funcionales en los músculos respiratorios y locomotores. El ejercicio regular proporciona mejoras en la salud de los pacientes con EPOC estable y puede aliviar los síntomas, aumentando la capacidad de ejercicio y mejorando la calidad de vida, al tiempo que reduce la hospitalización y, en cierta medida, el riesgo de morbilidad y mortalidad. El entrenamiento con ejercicios progresivos se asocia a adaptaciones metabólicas y neurohumorales, a la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca, con adaptaciones en los músculos pulmonares y esqueléticos, así como en los sistemas inflamatorio, cardiovascular y respiratorio. Esta revisión se centrará en el conocimiento actual de los mecanismos por los que el entrenamiento físico puede proporcionar efectos beneficiosos en los pacientes con EPOC. Resultados: Tras analizar los títulos, resúmenes y contenido, de los 500 artículos encontrados se excluyeron 489, quedando 11 artículos. Los estudios han demostrado el efecto beneficioso del entrenamiento aeróbico en la EPOC. Conclusiones: El entrenamiento físico debe considerarse una opción terapéutica en pacientes con EPOC, independientemente de que sea terrestre o acuático, ya que puede tener efectos beneficiosos sobre los sistemas.

Tornando-se um praticante de crossfit: gerenciamentos do corpo dentro e fora dos boxes / Becoming a crossfit practitioner: body management inside and outside the boxes / Convirtiéndose en un practicante de crossfit: gestión del cuerpo dentro y fuera de los boxes

Inspirado pela Fase Ética do pensamento de Foucault, consideram-se as experiências no CrossFit como formas de gerenciamentos do corpo que se atrelam fundamentalmente ao culto do eu. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar e discutir aspectos que tornam os sujeitos efetivamente praticantes de CrossFit e como os seus gerenciamentos do corpo, dentro e fora dos boxes, se relacionam à modalidade. Foram realizadas observações não estruturadas de aulas e entrevista semiestruturada com 12 praticantes, em diferentes boxes da zona norte, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Os resultados indicaram que a superação e o estímulo entre os praticantes constituem-se como os principais processos de subjetivação identitária desse grupo. Detectou-se também que os contínuos regimes ou investimentos de autoaprimoramento nos boxes marcavam um estilo de vida regrado e padronizado responsável por internalizar determinadas maneiras de estar no mundo e que afetavam sobremaneira o modo de viver.(AU)

Inspired by the Ethical Phase of Foucault's thought, we consider the experiences in CrossFit as forms of body management that are fundamentally linked to the cult of the self. Therefore, the goal of this research was to analyze and discuss aspects associated with becoming a practitioner of CrossFit and how the management of their bodies, inside and outside the boxes, is related to the modality. Methodological strategies included classes observation and semi-structured interviews with 12 practitioners in different boxes of north zone, in Rio de Janeiro city. The results indicate that resilience and encouragement between practitioners constitute the main process of subjective identity of this group. It was also detected that the continuous investments in self-enhancement in the boxes defined an orderly and standardized lifestyle responsible for internalizing certain ways of being in the world that affect ultimately their way of living.(AU)

Inspirado por la Fase Ética del pensamiento de Foucault, se consideran las experiencias en CrossFit como formas de gestionar el cuerpo que se vinculan fundamentalmente al culto del yo. Así, el objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar y discutir aspectos que vuelven a los sujetos efectivamente practicantes de CrossFit y cómo la gestión de su cuerpo, dentro y fuera de los boxes, se relacionan a esta modalidad. Se realizaron observaciones no estructuradas de las clases y entrevista semiestructurada con 12 practicantes en diferentes boxes de la zona norte de la ciudad de Rio de Janeiro. Los resultados indicaron que la superación y el estímulo entre los practicantes se constituyen como los principales procesos de subjetivación identitaria de ese grupo. Se ha descubierto también que las continuadas dietas o inversiones de autosuperación en los boxes marcaban un estilo de vida reglado y estandarizado, responsable por internalizar determinadas maneras de estar en el mundo y que afectaban de manera importante el modo de vivir.(AU)

The effects of combining posture control training with exercise on the disc-condyle relationship after manipulative reduction of anterior disc displacement / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To observe the curative effect of exercise training combined with posture control among patients with displacement of the anterior disc of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) without reduction.Methods:Forty-four patients with anterior TMJ disc displacement without reduction who had successfully been treated with manual repositioning were randomly divided into a control group and a treatment group, each of 22. Both groups underwent routine exercise training, while the experimental group was additionally provided with posture training five times a week for 4 weeks. After the 4th week of training both groups were evaluated using a visual analogue scale (VAS) and their maximum active mouth opening was compared. Six months later, MRI was performed to observe the disc-condyle relationship of the temporomandibular joint and its position.Results:①After 4 weeks of training, the average VAS scores of both groups were significantly lower than those before the training. The improvement in the treatment group′s average was significantly greater than among the control group. ②After the 4 weeks of training the average maximum active mouth opening of both groups had increased, with the improvement in the treatment group significantly greater. ③Six months later, 19 persons in the treatment group had a normal disc-condyle relationship, significantly more than the 13 in the control group.Conclusions:Posture control training can improve the effectiveness of sports training in maintaining manual repositioning of the TMJ after anterior disc displacement without reduction.

Summary of best evidence for exercise evaluation and training in children with congenital heart disease / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To retrieve relevant evidence on exercise assessment and exercise training for children with congenital heart disease at home and abroad, and to summarize the best evidence to provide reference for clinical medical staff.Methods:UpToDate, National Guidelines Clearinghouse (NGC), Registered Nurses Association of Ontario (RNAO), Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN), National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), BMJ Best Practice, American Heart Association (AHA), Cochrane Library, Joanna Briggs Institute(JBI) Evidence-Based Health Care Center Database, PubMed, CINAHL, China Biomedical Literature Database, Yimaitong, Wangfang Database, CNKI were searched, related evidence on exercise assessment and exercise training for children with congenital heart disease. The search period was from the establishment of the database to March 2021. Clinical decision-making and recommended practice used retrospective evaluation methods for quality evaluation; guidelines used the 2012 version of the clinical guideline research and evaluation system (AGREE Ⅱ) for evaluation; systematic reviews used the systematic evaluation tool (AMSTAR) for evaluation; expert consensus used JBI (2016 version) evaluate the authenticity evaluation tools of opinions and consensus articles. Two researchers independently evaluated the literature, combined with the judgment of professionals, and extracted the literature data that met the standards.Results:A total of 15 documents were included, including 2 clinical decisions, 4 guidelines, 1 recommended practice, 5 systematic reviews, 3 expert consensus, and 22 best evidences. Including related personnel, exercise evaluation, exercise monitoring, exercise classification, exercise training, and exercise follow-up.Conclusions:This study summarizes the best evidence of exercise assessment and exercise training for children with congenital heart disease, and provides evidence-based evidence for clinical practice. It is recommended that children with congenital heart disease undergo exercise assessment and formulate a personalized exercise training program to promote the transformation of the best evidence into clinical practice.

The observation on the effect of Buyang Huanwu Decoction combined with suspension exercise training for the patients with cerebral infarction and lower limb hemiplegia / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To explore the curative effect of Buyang Huanwu Decoction combined with suspension exercise training for the patients with cerebral infarction combined and lower limb hemiplegia.Methods:According to random number table method, 94 patients with cerebral infarction and lower limb hemiplegia meeting the inclusion criteria were divided into the control group and the observation group between January 2017 and February 2021, 47 in each group. The control group was treated with suspension exercise training, while observation group was additionally treated with Buyang Huanwu Decoction on the basis of the control group treatment. All were treated for 6 weeks and then followed up for 3 months. Before and after treatment, the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) syndromes scores were recorded. The severity of nerve function injury was evaluated by National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). The lower limb function was evaluated by Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA). The balance function was evaluated by Berg Balance Scale (BBS). The activities of daily life were assessed by Barthel Index (BI). The whole blood high shear viscosity, plasma viscosity and hematocrit were detected by full-automatic hemorheology analyzer. The levels of plasma total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were detected by full-automatic analyzer. All were followed up for 3 months. The prognosis of patients was assessed by modified Rankin scale (mRS). The adverse reactions during treatment were recorded.Results:After treatment, scores of TCM syndromes and NIHSS in observation group were significantly lower than those in control group ( t=5.35, 4.54, P<0.01), while scores of FMA, BBS and BI were significantly higher than those in control group ( t=3.40, 3.10, 7.57, P<0.01). The whole blood high-shear viscosity, plasma viscosity and hematocrit in observation group were significantly lower than those in control group ( t=2.94, 3.81, 4.23, P<0.05 or P<0.01), and levels of TC, TG and LDL-C were significantly lower than those in control group ( t=4.10, 4.27, 3.61, P<0.01). The differences in good prognosis rate between observation group and control group were statistically significant [74.47% (35/47) vs. 51.06% (24/47); χ2=5.51, P=0.019]. Conclusion:The Buyang Huanwu Decoction combined with suspension exercise training can relieve clinical symptoms, recover lower limb function, improve activities of daily life and prognosis in cerebral infarction combined with lower limb hemiplegia.

Recent advances in exercise training in cardiac rehabilitation of patients after cardiac valve surgery / 中国实用护理杂志

Patients after cardiac valve surgery generally suffered from low exercise capacity, and lack of exercise can cause impaired exercise tolerance, reduced quality of life, and prolonged length of hospital stay, increased the risk of death. Exercise, as the core of cardiac rehabilitation, played an irreplaceable role in improving the cardiopulmonary function, exercise capacity, and health-related quality of life of patients after cardiac valve surgery. This article mainly reviewed the types and methods of exercise training after cardiac valve surgery, and the strategies for promoting exercise intervention, so as to provide references for medical staff to perform exercise interventions for patients after cardiac valve surgery.

Efeitos de dois programas de educação física na aptidão física relacionada à saúde de crianças de acordo com sexo / Effects of two physical education programs on children's health-related physical fitness according to sex

RESUMO Este estudo quase-experimental avaliou os efeitos de dois programas de exercício físico, ofertado no contexto das aulas de Educação Física escolar, sobre indicadores de aptidão física. A amostra por conveniência foi composta por 91 alunos com idades entre 9-12 anos que formaram os grupos Formação Corporal (PFC; 45 alunos) e Educação Física (PEF; 45 alunos). Foi mensurado o índice de massa corporal (IMC), aptidão cardiorrespiratória (ApC), flexibilidade e força muscular localizada (FML). Recorreu-se ao "Teste t pareado" e ANOVA de medidas repetidas. O tamanho do efeito foi estimado pelo "eta ao quadrado parcial", estratificado por sexo, sendo aceito a probabilidade de 5% de erro. Os resultados mostraram nos meninos efeito muito elevado no grupo PFC na ApC, flexibilidade e FML e efeito elevado no grupo PEF na flexibilidade e FML. Nas meninas efeito muito elevado no grupo PFC na ApC, flexibilidade e FML e no grupo PEF efeito muito elevado na flexibilidade e FML e de efeito elevado na ApC. Não houve efeito no IMC em ambos os grupos. Ressaltamos que este único encontro semanal (15 minutos de PFC) foi capaz de apresentar efeito muito elevado e elevado na aptidão física a favor do PFC em ambos os sexos.

ABSTRACT This quasi-experimental study evaluated the effects of two physical exercise programs offered in the context of physical education classes on physical fitness indicators. The convenience sample consisted of 91 students aged 9-12 years who formed the group's Body Training (GBT; 45 students) and Physical Education (PE; 45 students). Body mass index (BMI), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), flexibility, and abdominal muscle strength (LMS) were measured. The "Paired t-test" and repeated measures ANOVA were used. The size of the effect was estimated by the "partial squared eta", stratified by sex, with a 5% probability of an error being accepted. The results showed in boys a very high effect in the PFC group on CRF, flexibility, and FML and a high effect in the PEF group on flexibility and FML. In girls, a very high effect in the GBT group on CRF, flexibility, and FML, and the PE group greatly affected flexibility and FML and had a high effect on CRF. There was no effect on BMI in either group. We emphasize that this single weekly meeting (15 minutes of GBT) was able to have a very high and high effect on fitness in favor of the GBT in both genders.

Energy expenditure in hiit whole body associated with electromyostimulation / Gasto energético en hiit con peso corporal asociado a electroestimulación / Gasto energético no hiit com peso do corpo associado à eletromioestimulação

ABSTRACT Introduction: The use of whole body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) has been shown to be an efficient method for inducing significant improvements in muscle strength and performance outcomes. Hypothetically, WB-EMS had been considered an enhancer of energy expenditure in the session, but this remains unclear. Objective: In view of the lack of information, this study aims to evaluate the energy expenditure of WB-EMS associated with whole body High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT). Methods: Fourteen male participants were submitted into two randomized exercise sessions: HIIT (whole body weight exercises without WB-EMS) and HIIT+WB-EMS (whole body weight exercises associated with WB-EMS). For both exercise conditions, the subjects performed whole body HIIT according to the following protocol: 3 minutes of warm-up followed by 4 exercises (30 seconds of stimulus) organized in 2 blocks, with 3 sets in each exercise, a rest period of 15 seconds between sets, and 180 seconds between blocks. The following exercises were performed: jumping jacks, squat and thrusts, burpees, and spider plank. Results: Significant differences were found in the absolute VO2 (HIIT:2.18±0.34, HIIT+WB-EMS:2.32±0.36 L.min−1) and relative VO2 (HIIT:26.30±3.77, HIIT+WB-EMS:28.02± 3.74 ml.kg.min−1), MET (HIIT:7.51±1.07, HIIT+WB-EMS:8.00±1.07), lactate concentration (HIIT:11.59±2.16, HIIT+WB-EMS: 12.64±1.99 mmol.L−1) and total energy expenditure (HIIT: 249.6± 45.04 Kcal, HIIT+ WB-EMS: 268.9±40.67 Kcal; 7.46 ± 5.31%). Conclusion: Our data indicate that the use of WB-EMS associated with HIIT generated a slightly higher metabolic demand than that of the control. However, the absolute differences do not allow us to indicate the superiority of WB-EMS, and future trials should be designed to determine the long-term effects.

RESUMEN Introducción: Se ha demostrado que el uso de la electroestimulación de cuerpo entero (WB-EMS) es un método eficaz para inducir mejoras significativas en la fuerza muscular y los resultados de rendimiento. Hipotéticamente, la práctica de WB-EMS se consideró un potenciador del gasto calórico en la sesión, pero esto aún no está claro. Objetivo: el objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el gasto energético del WB-EMS asociado al HIIT con el peso corporal. Métodos: Se asignaron al azar catorce participantes masculinos a dos sesiones de ejercicio: HIIT (ejercicios de peso corporal total sin WB-EMS) y HIIT + WB-EMS (ejercicios de peso corporal total asociados con WB-EMS). Para ambas condiciones de ejercicio, los sujetos realizaron HIIT con peso corporal según el siguiente protocolo: 3 minutos de calentamiento seguido de 4 ejercicios (30 segundos de estímulo) organizados en 2 bloques con 3 series en cada ejercicio y 15 segundos entre series y ejercicios y 180 segundos entre bloques de descanso pasivo con los siguientes ejercicios realizados: jump jack, squat and thrust, burpee y spider plank. Resultados: Se encontraron diferencias significativas en el consumo de VO2 absoluto (HIIT: 2,18 ± 0,34, HIIT + WB-EMS: 2,32 ± 0,36 L.min−1) y relativo (HIIT: 26,30 ± 3,77, HIIT + WB-EMS: 28,02 ± 3,74 ml.kg.min1), MET (HIIT: 7,51 ± 1,07, HIIT + WB-EMS: 8,00 ± 1, 07), concentración de lactato (HIIT: 11,59 ± 2,16, HIIT + WB-EMS: 12,64 ± 1,99 mmol.L−1) y gasto energetico total (HIIT: 231,5±36,38Kcal, HIIT + WB-EMS:246,9± 38,76Kcal; 6,14± 5,61%). Conclusión: Nuestros datos indican que el uso de WB-EMS asociado a HIIT generó, en una de manera sutil, una mayor respuesta a la demanda metabólica que la situación de control. Sin embargo, las diferencias absolutas no permiten indicar la superioridad del WB-EMS con estudios futuros y deben planificarse.

RESUMO Introdução: O uso da eletromioestimulação de corpo inteiro (whole body electromyostimulation - WB-EMS) tem mostrado ser um método eficiente para induzir melhora significativa da força muscular e do desempenho. Hipoteticamente, a prática de WB-EMS foi considerada potencializadora do gasto energético na sessão, mas isso ainda não está claro. Objetivo: Diante da escassez de informações, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o gasto energético da WB-EMS associada ao treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade (HIIT) com o peso corporal. Métodos: Quatorze participantes do sexo masculino foram submetidos a duas sessões de exercícios randomizadas: HIIT (exercícios com peso corporal sem WB-EMS) e HIIT + WB-EMS (exercícios com peso corporal associados a WB-EMS). Para ambas as condições de exercício, os indivíduos realizaram HIIT com peso corporal, de acordo com o seguinte protocolo: 3 minutos de aquecimento seguidos de 4 exercícios (30 segundos de estímulo), organizados em 2 blocos com 3 séries em cada exercício, com 15 segundos de descanso passivo entre as séries e 180 segundos entre os blocos, com os seguintes exercícios realizados: jumping jack (polichinelo), squat and thrust, burpee e spider plank. Resultados: Diferenças significativas foram encontradas no consumo de VO2 absoluto (HIIT: 2,18 ± 0,34, HIIT + WB-EMS: 2,32 ± 0,36; L.min−1) e VO2 relativo (HIIT: 26,30 ± 3,77, HIIT + WB-EMS: 28,02 ± 3,74; ml.kg.min−1), MET (HIIT: 7,51 ± 1,07, HIIT + WB-EMS: 8,00 ± 1,07), concentração no sangue de lactato (HIIT: 11,59 ± 2,16, HIIT + WB- EMS: 12,64 ± 1,99 mmol.L−1) e gasto energético total (HIIT: 249,6± 45,04 Kcal, HIIT+ WB-EMS: 268,9± 40,67 Kcal; 7,46 ± 5,31%). Conclusão: Nossos dados indicam que o uso de WB-EMS associado ao HIIT gerou demanda metabólica ligeiramente superior à do controle. Entretanto, as diferenças absolutas não permitem indicar superioridade do WB-EMS, e estudos futuros devem ser planejados de modo a determinar os efeitos a longo prazo. Nível de evidência II.

Isolated obesity resistance condition or associated with aerobic exercise training does not promote cardiac impairment

Mechanisms involved in cardiac function and calcium (Ca2+) handling in obese-resistant (OR) rats are still poorly determined. We tested the hypothesis that unsaturated high-fat diet (HFD) promotes myocardial dysfunction in OR rats, which it is related to Ca2+ handling. In addition, we questioned whether exercise training (ET) becomes a therapeutic strategy. Male Wistar rats (n=80) were randomized to standard or HFD diets for 20 weeks. The rats were redistributed for the absence or presence of ET and OR: control (C; n=12), control + ET (CET; n=14), obese-resistant (OR; n=9), and obese-resistant + ET (ORET; n=10). Trained rats were subjected to aerobic training protocol with progressive intensity (55-70% of the maximum running speed) and duration (15 to 60 min/day) for 12 weeks. Nutritional, metabolic, and cardiovascular parameters were determined. Cardiac function and Ca2+ handling tests were performed in isolated left ventricle (LV) papillary muscle. OR rats showed cardiac atrophy with reduced collagen levels, but there was myocardial dysfunction. ET was efficient in improving most parameters of body composition. However, the mechanical properties and Ca2+ handling from isolated papillary muscle were similar among groups. Aerobic ET does not promote morphological and cardiac functional adaptation under the condition of OR.

The effect of rehabilitation training on the expression of neuroglobin in the peri-infarct cortex and its mechanism / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To study the effect of rehabilitation training on the expression of neuroglobin (Ngb), oxidative stress and axon regeneration in the cortex and explore possible mechanisms of functional recovery after cerebral infarction.Methods:Thirty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a sham operation group, a model group and a rehabilitation group. Cerebral infarction was modelled in the model and rehabilitation groups using Longa′s middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) technique. The sham operation group received the same procedure except that no thread was inserted to block the middle cerebral artery. The rats in the rehabilitation group began treadmill training 24h after the operation, while the other two groups were left on the treadmill without training. On the 3rd, 7th and 14th days after the operation, all of the rats′ neurological functioning was assessed using modified neurological severity scores (mNSSs). After the last mNSS test, all of the rats were sacrificed and peri-infarct brain tissue was resected to detect the expression of Ngb and oxidative stress indicators including superoxide dismutase (SOD), nitric oxide and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as neurofilament-200 (NF-200) indicating axon regeneration.Results:On the 3rd day after the surgery there was no significant difference between the average mNSS scores of the rehabilitation and model groups. On the 7th and 14th day the average mNSS score of the rehabilitation group was significantly better than that of the model group. The average expression of Ngb in the model group was significantly higher than in the sham operation group. After the intervention, the average expression of SOD in the rehabilitation group was significantly higher than in the model group, while NO and MDA expression were significantly lower. After the intervention the average expression of NF-200 in the rehabilitation group was also significantly higher than in the model group.Conclusions:Rehabilitation training benefits the recovery of neurological function after cerebral infarction, at least in rats. The mechanism may be related to the upregulation of Ngb, alleviation of oxidative stress and enhancement of axonal regeneration in the peri-infarct cortex.

Research progress on effect of exercise training on hypertension / 中华全科医师杂志

Hypertension is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Many studies have found that exercise training, including aerobic exercise, resistance exercise and combined aerobic and resistance exercise, is beneficial for hypertension control. This article reviews the effect of different types of exercise training on hypertension and its underlying mechanism.

Effects of Moderate Intensity Exercise Training Combined with Xianlinggubao Capsule on Bone Metabolism in Ovariectomized Rats / 医用生物力学

Objective To observe the effects of moderate intensity exercise training combined with Xianlinggubao capsule on bone mineral density (BMD), bone metabolism and femoral biomechanics of ovariectomized rats, so as to provide lab references for osteoporosis prevention. Methods Fifty female SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, 10 rats in each group. Group A was the normal control; Group B was given 1 mL normal saline by gavage after ovariectomy for one week; Group C was given moderate intensity exercise training (exercise speed was 20 m/min, lasting for 60 min per day, continuous 5 days per week); Group D was given 1 mL Xianlinggubao capsule ［0.4 g/(kg · d)］ after 1-week ovariectomy; Group E was was given both 1 mL Xianlinggubao capsule and moderate intensity exercise training after 1-week ovariectomy. After 8 weeks of continuous treatment, blood biochemical indexes, BMD, micro CT and biomechanics of the femur and L5 vertebral body were detected. Results Compared with group B, the blood biochemical indexes of Group C-E were improved in varying degrees, the BMD of L5 vertebral body and femur were increased, the bone volume fraction, trabecular number and trabecular thickness of femur (or L5 vertebral body) were increased, the trabecular space and structural model index were decreased, the maximum load, maximum deflection and maximum stress of L5 vertebral body were increased, and the maximum stress of femur was increased. The maximum load, elastic load, elastic deflection, elastic modulus, elastic stress, maximum stress and elastic deflection increased, and the effect of Group E was the most obvious. Conclusions Moderate intensity exercise training combined with Xianlinggubao capsule can improve BMD, bone metabolism and bone microstructure, and improve bone mechanical properties of ovariectomized rats.